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Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is reduced in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, where over 400 species have been known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently classified, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are really abundant in certain regions.
As a result of their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cold or cool habitats.36 There are three ecological groups of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous forests, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites live in widely diverse areas.34 One species in the drywood category is the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which can be an invasive species in Australia.37.
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Termites are generally modest, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59Â in) in length.34 The biggest of extant termites would be the queens of those species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring up to over 10 centimetres (4Â in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, thrived in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0Â in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98Â in).39note 1. )
Most worker and soldier termites are completely blind as they do not have a pair of eyes. However, some species, like Hodotermes mossambicus, have compound eyes that they utilize for orientation and also to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.
Termite antennae have a number of functions like the sensing of taste, touch, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three primary segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (typically shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a set of mandibles.
Consistent with all insects, the anatomy of this termite thorax consists of three segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a set of legs. On alates, the wings are at the mesothorax and metathorax. The mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .
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Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen using 2 plates, the tergites and the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a set of short cerci.45 You can find ten tergites, of which nine are wide and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are similar to those in cockroaches but are somewhat more simplified. For example, the intromittent organ is not present in male alates, and the sperm is immotile or aflagellate.
The non-reproductive castes of termites are wingless and rely exclusively on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only for a brief amount of time, so that they also rely on their own legs. The appearance of the legs is similar in each caste, but the soldiers have larger and thicker legs.
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The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg varies. Some species of termite have an arolium, located between the claws, which can be present in species which climb on smooth surfaces but is absent in most termites.49.
Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equivalent length.2 Most of the time, the alates are poor flyers; their technique is to launch themselves in the air and fly in a random direction. Studies indicate that in Website comparison to larger termites, smaller termites cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain in a right angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to your own body.51.
Worker termites undertake the maximum labour within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Workers are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in food and are thus the most likely caste to be found in infested timber. The procedure for worker termites feeding different nestmates is popularly known as trophallaxis.
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Some termite species do not have a true worker caste, instead relying on nymphs that perform the exact same work without differentiating as a separate caste.53.